Polymer and a lithium battery are provided. The polymer is obtained from the polymerization reaction of a compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group with a polyethermine compound (e.g., JEFFAMINE®) and with a nucleophile compound, wherein the nucleophile compound includes barbituric acid, barbituric acid derivatives, 2-thiobarbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid derivative, cyanuric acid, trithiocyanuric acid, uracil, 2-thiouracil and maleimide. The compound containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group has a maleimide-based structure. The lithium battery including an anode, a cathode, an isolation film, an electrolyte solution and a package structure is also provided, wherein the cathode includes the polymer.
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